Babar's Early Life

Founder of Mughal Empire Jahiruddin Mu Babar was born on February 14, 1483, in the small region of Central Asia, Farghana. Babar was ambitious. He was not satisfied after finding Fargana's small principality. So he planned to conquer the capital of Timur, Samarkand. The ruler of Samarkand was Ahmad Mirza.

Babar's first attack was unsuccessful. In 1497 AD, Barbara became the right of Samarkand. After some time, due to some reasons, he had to frustrate and lose both Samarkand and he became nomadic. But soon his fortune contributed to him and he regained control over Fargana.

Victory In Kabul

For the purpose of trying to try Babur fate, Kabul and Ghajini pushed towards Incidentally, before the arrival of Babar in Kabul, political frenzy had started. Babar got a golden opportunity and in 1504 AD he took over Kabul and Ghajini. The victory of Kabul changed Babur's fate line. In 1506, Babur's eldest son Humayun was born in Kabul.

Babur conquered Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khorasan. But Samarkand was not in Babar's hands for more days. When Babar could not fulfill the empire's expansion in the north-west, he focused his attention on the south-east. Babar had to wait many years to get admission in the Indian border.

First Attack

In 1519 AD, Babar invaded the Bajaur fort along the Indian border along with military preparations. By conquering Bajaur, Babur slaughtered Hindu defenders for the purpose of spreading terror. After Bajaur-Vijay, he attacked the place of Bhira on the banks of Jhelum river. Due to the rebellion of the locals, Bhima had to leave him soon.

Second Attack

In 1519 AD Babar crossed Khyber for the second time. This time the main objective of the attack was to suppress the Yusufajians and collect logistics in Peshawar Fort. He wanted to establish Peshawar as a basis and to maintain his right in India. But at the same time, the rebellion was reported in Badakhshan, so he had to leave India.

Third Invasion

Babar's third invasion of India took place in 1520 AD. Having access to Bajaur and Bhira, he reached Sialkot. Babar did not face opposition to take control of Sialkot. Meanwhile, Babar got the information that unrest in Kandahar has spread. He had to be forced to return from India for the third time.

Fourth Invasion

Babur strengthened his position in Afghanistan and made a fourth attempt to attack India in 1524 AD. This time the invasion of invasion was found only from India. The relationship between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and the governor of Punjab was consolidated. Ibrahim Lodhi had ordered to visit Delhi after seeing the growing influence of wealth. But Daulat Khan disobeyed the orders of Sultan Ibrahim Lodi, not present himself.
Ibrahim was terrified of Lodi's fear and sent his son Dilawar Khan to Kabul. Daulat Khan wanted to take Ibrahim Lodi's uncle Alam Khan to the throne of Delhi with the help of military help from Babar.

Hence, in view of invitations, Babur started for India-Vijay in 1524 AD. Daulat Khan had been expelled from Punjab after losing to Lodi, so he urged Babur to restore himself to Punjab. Babar was ready to give only the jagirs of Jalandhar and Sultanpur to the wealthy palace. With Babar's behavior, Dullat Khan got frustrated and escaped with his son Ghazi Khan and started planning to take control of Lahore.

Fifth Invasion

Babar had planned to invade India with the whole preparations for the fifth time. In November 1525, he handed over the responsibility of Kabul and Kandahar to his son Kamran and left for India. On the way, Humayun got the army with the drunk and got along with him. After crossing the Jhelum river, Lahore's army also got along with Babar.

Receiving information of outside arrival, Daulat Khan and his son, Gazi Khan secured themselves in the fort of Milkwood. Babar got the right to Sialkot. Indian Sardar started collecting in Lahore But only in the battlefield, the wealthy landowner landed with his 40 thousand soldiers to fight against Babur. His army soon got scattered and Daulat Khan had to surrender. After exercising control over Lahore and its adjacent areas, Babur moved towards Delhi.

Ibrahim Lodi left with a huge army after receiving information about Babar's invasion and victory. Babar had advanced from Sirhind and Ambala. So Ibrahim Lodi sent two of his soldiers to Hissar-Firozha to block the route. Babu's son Humayun was confronted with these soldiers. Humayun defeated Lion's army.

Only Ibrahim's army could obstruct in the way of going to Delhi. Therefore, Babar was born on the banks of the Yamuna river on April 12, 1526. E reached Panipat. On April 21, 1526, between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi and Mughal invader Babar of Delhi.

Role and Reason

Miracasim (Mir Qasim) was defeated in the Plassey war of 1757, and the English settled Mirzafar at its place. With the help of Mirzafar, the British started getting the money and the facilities as they would. Mirkasim wanted to take over the reins of Bengal again. It prepared the Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awad, who was also the Prime Minister of Mughal ruler Shahla, to take action against the British.

For this, Shujauddaula sent a threatening letter to the British on behalf of Shah Alam. In this letter, it was alleged that the British were encroaching the facilities given to them and that Bengal was exploiting the economy. The British did not react to this case. Eventually, Shujauddaula and Mirakasim lost patience and declared war on the British in April 1764.

Mirakasim, Shujauddaula and Shah Alam

Mirakasim reached Nawab of Awadh, Shujauddaula and Emperor Shah Alam to reach Patna for a right over Bengal. The head of the British army got panicked after receiving information about the arrival of the captured army. The number of Shujauddaula soldiers was 1,50,000 in which 40,000 were eligible to fight. The remaining number was only a crowd. Emperor Shah Alam and Mirakasim did not have any army. The army chief gave the message to the British army to return to Patna instead of Buxar.

As a result, the siege of Patna was done. But Shujauddaula's army also had many believers. For example, Maharaja Kalyan Singh, son of Seetaburai, was in a high position in the army of Awadh. Seetaburai was a friend of the British and his Munshi sent a message to the British about the activities of Sadhoram Shujaudullah The siege of crossing did not work. There was rainy season. Therefore instead of Patna, Shujauddaula decided to spend the rain in Buxar.

Meanwhile, in exchange for the head of the English army, Major Hector Munro was appointed by the British as the army chief and sent to Patna. Munro reached Patna in July, 1764 AD. He feared that Sujauddaula could defeat the British by getting the support of Marathas and Afghans when late. That's why Munro decided to war soon. After the arrival of Munro, some Indian soldiers revolted, Munro quieted and blown all the rebels with a cannon. Munro joined the betrayal of Rohtas fortress Sahumal in his favor and Rohtas got the right of the British.

Battle of Buxar

Munro crossed the river and reached Buxar. The war started between the Anglo-League and the combined forces of the so-called three powers, on October 23, 1764. Shujauddaula demanded 11 lakh rupees from Mirakasim in the name of military expenditure every day, but he did not complete the amount, but he became dissatisfied with Mirakasim. Shujauddaula took away all the property of Mirakasim. He himself wanted power over Bihar. On the other hand, Emperor Shah Alam did not have any army. He himself was interested in seeking help to get the throne of Delhi and had become depressed towards war after getting assurances of the British.

In this situation, Battle of Buxar started from 9am and ended before 12 noon. There was fierce firing in the war. Shujauddaula's army was just like the crowd. Horse cavalry in front of English guns could not work. Victory came from the British. There was considerable military casualties from both sides but the number of people killed in the Nawab's army was quite high. Shujauddaula had to withdraw his army.

Shujauddaula and Treaty of British

Emperor Shah Alam camped with the English army after his defeat in the Battle of Buxar. The British welcomed the King and wanted to negotiate with Shujauddaula through Shujauddaula's Diwan King Benibahadur. But Shujauddaula rejected the treaty. Therefore, there were battles near Nawab Shujauddaula and the British between Chunar and Kadah (Allahabad). On defeat in the war Shujauddaula had to make a treaty with the British.

Raja Seetaburai's role in the treaty between the British and Shujauddaula was very important. Shujauddaula had to pay 60 lakh rupees to the British as compensation. The area of Allahabad's fort and the Kadah was left to Mughal Emperor Shah Alam. Gazipur and neighboring areas had to be given to the British. An English lawyer was ordered to stay in the court of Oudh, and the two sides assured assurances of each other's enemies as their enemy.

Mirakasim's dream shattered Apart from being stripped of the property, Shujauddaula also humiliated him. Mirakasam went to Delhi, where the rest of his life was spent in the form of a refugee.

RESULTS

• In the decisive battles of India, Buxar's war result is considered to be more important. Battle of Buxar was a symbol of the third revolution in Bengal. The first revolution began with the Battle of Plassey and in 1760 AD, Mirjafar was removed, with Mirakasim making the Nawab, the second revolution was completed. The screening of the third and final scene of the drama that was being played by the British in Bengal was in the form of Battle of Buxar.
• British became the real authority of Bengal and their influence on North India's politics increased.
• With the defeat of Nawab Shujauddaula of Awadh in Buxar's war, there was no other power in North India which could oppose the British.
• Shujauddaula made friends with the British and the Emperor of Delhi Shahahalam, like the Nawab of Bengal,

CHAUSA WAR

Humayun's strongest enemy was Lion Khan. After the victory in Bengal, Humayun was restless and rested. Seeing the rest of Humayun in Bengal, Sher Khan took control over Chunar, Banaras, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Patna, etc. respectively. These incidents have disturbed Humayun. Humayun's army was weak from the outbreak of malaria, so Humayun left a small troop of the army and traveled to Agra.

Seeing the return of Humayun, Sher Khan, aka Sher Shah, decided to encompass Humayun on the way. Humayun made many mistakes in the return. At first, he divided his army into two parts. A section of the army was sent to attack Munger (Bihar) under Dilawar Khan. Humayun himself proceeded with the second army of the army. Humayun's military advisers had advised that he reached Jaunpur, running from the northern edge of the Ganges and crossing the Ganges and attacking Sher Shah / Sher Khan, but he did not listen to those people.

He crossed the Gangetic and walked from the southern route to the Grand Trunk Road. This route was under the control of the Lion Khan. On the banks of the Karmanasa River, Uttar Pradesh, a place called Chausa was found to be of Sher Shah. So he did not cross the Sher Shah to attack, but he was also negligent here. He immediately started to attack Lion Khan, but here too he was careless. He did not immediately attack Sher Shah. He was wasting time on the banks of River Ganga for three months.

 Lion Khan, in the meanwhile, kept her engaged in peace and kept her in peace and kept preparing herself. Actually, he was waiting for rain.

Sher Shah's Diplomacy

As the rain started, Sher Khan planned to invade. Humayun's camp was in a low place between the Ganges and the river Karmanasa. So rainwater was filled with it The artillery of the Mughals had failed and the disorder was in the army. Taking advantage of this, on the night of 25 June 1539, Sher Shah invaded the Mughal Cantonment with a sudden deception.

There was a stir in the Mughal camp The soldiers jumped into the Ganges River to save their lives. Some of them were immersed and killed by some Afghan forces. Humayun himself also escaped the Ganges and escaped his life. His family remained in the camp Humayun could reach Agra with the help of some believers Mughals. The whole army of Humayun was destroyed.

War Result

• After the Chausa War, Humayun's fall was fixed. Her army had been destroyed. Some members of his family were also killed in this war.
• Afghans' power and ambitions have increased again. Now they started planning to take over the Mughals and take control of Agra.
• The Sher Khan now holds the title of Sher Shah.
• Sher Shah taught "Khutba" of his name. Coins and issued orders.
• He took control of Bengal by sending Jalal Khan and reached Banas, Jaunpur and Lucknow, Kannauj.

Today in this post we will keep the story of Panipat's first, second and third battle in front of you. What were the reasons for these wars, what was the war between them and what outcome of these wars, will discuss all these facts? These three wars are very important in Indian history. Introducing a brief description of the three Panipat wars in front of you. Present in front of you is a brief description of the three wars of Panipat in Detail.

FIRST PANIPAT WAR

Three part-wise battles were fought here in Panipat, who turned a section of Indian history. The first battle of Panipat - Panipat War 1 took place on April 21, 1526, between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi and Mughal invader Babar. Abraham had an army of up to one million people. On the other hand, Babar had only 12,000 troops and a large number of artillery guns. Due to the superiority of tactics, military operation, and especially the new and effective use of guns, Babar won a decisive victory over Abraham Lodi. Lodi gave up his life in the battlefield. As a result of the first battle of Panipat, Babur intervened on Delhi and Agra and it was the operation of the Mughal dynasty in India.

SECOND PANIPAT WAR

The second battle of Panipat - Panipat War 2 (5 November 1556 AD) was between the qualified Hindu commander and minister Hemu and Akbar of the Afghan king Adilshah Sur who had found Delhi's plank from his father Humayun. There was a big army.

He also had 1500 elephants. Initially, Hemu was successful in fighting the Mughal army, but accidentally, an arrow penetrated into the eye of Hemu and this incident became the reason for the defeat of Hemu's victory in the war. Having an arrow, Hemu fell unconscious and his army was standing. Hemu was arrested and taken to Kishor Akbar.

 Akbar separated his head from the fuselage. Due to the second battle of Panipat, Delhi and Agra came under Akbar's possession. As a result of this battle, the conflict between the Mughals and the Afghans for the Delhi plank was finally finalized in favor of the Mughals and for the next three hundred years, the plank of Delhi remained with the Mughals.

THIRD PANIPAT WAR

Panipat War III - Panipat War 3 decided the fate of India, which was hanging in the balance at that time. The third battle of Panipat occurred in 1761 AD. Ahmad Abdali, a resident of Afghanistan, was made a new king. After establishing power in Afghanistan, he invaded India several times and due to the lack of Delhi court and the mutual ridicule of the rich, Ahmed Abdali did not face any kind of obstruction.


 After the defeat of the Subedar of Punjab, the fearful Delhi-Emperor handed Punjab to Afghanistan. Abdali returned to his country after appointing his own subedar on the living land. In his absence, the Marathas attacked Punjab, ousted Abdali's subedar and got the rights to Lahore. Upon hearing this news, Abdali got angry and took out a large army and left for Afghanistan to defeat the Marathas. The Marathas also collected a large army, which was presided over by Sadashiv Rao and son of Assistant President Peshwa.

Both the mighty left from Poona with many Maratha generals and infantry, horses, and elephants. Holkar, Scindia, Gaekwad and other Maratha warlords also helped him. Rajputs also sent help and Jat-Sardar Surajmal of Bharatpur (Rajasthan) along with 30,000 soldiers came to him. Due to lack of opinion of the warlords in the Marathas, the army of Abdali could not be attacked immediately. In the first attack, the Marathas got the victory but Vishwasrao was killed. Sadashivrao was killed in the fierce battle that followed. The courage of the Marathas was dissolved.

The defeat of Panipat and the death of Peshwa sank in the darkness of Maharashtra, and the dominance of the Marathas was lifted from northern India.

The Battle of Plassey was the result of the struggle of Nawab Sirajuddaula of Bengal and East India Company. This war has very important and lasting results. Battle of Plassey, which took place in 1757 AD, was a war that established the British power in India.


The then Bengal state and the English selfishness gave East India Company an opportunity to interfere in Bengal politics. Alivardi Khan, who was formerly the Nieb-Nizam of Bihar, took advantage of political upheaval after Aurangzeb's death. He increased his power so much. He was an ambitious person. He defeated the then Nawab of Bengal, Sarfaraz Khan in the war, and himself became Nawab.

Alivardi Khan died on 9th April. Alivardi Khan did not have any children, so after the death of her, who will be the next Nawab, for this some people have started conspiracy for succession. But in his lifetime, Alivardi nominated Sirajuddaula, son of his youngest daughter, as his successor. That's exactly what happened. Sirajuddaula is the Nawab of Bengal.

Sirajuddaula

Although Sirajuddaula became the Nawab, he had to face many opponents. Her biggest opponent and opponent was from her family and she was her aunt. His aunt's name was Ghasiti Begum. Daughter of Begum Begum's son Shaukatganj, who was the ruler of Purnea (Bihar), dreamed to defeat Sirajuddaula with his Diwan Amin Chand and Mitra Jagat Seth. But Sirajuddaula had already been cautious.

He first captured Ghasit Begum and seized all his money. Shaukatganj became frightened by this and promised them to be loyal to Sirajuddaula. But Sirajuddaula later defeated him in the war and killed him.

Here the East India Company had strengthened its position. The British were enthusiastic to beat the French in the south. But they also wanted to dominate their rule in Bengal. Alivardi Khan had already advised Siraj-ud-daulah that in any case the British should not interfere in Bengal. That's why Sirajuddaula was also embarrassed about the British.

Conflicts between Sirajuddaula and the British

Sirajuddaula ordered the British to destroy Fort William Fort, which the British rejected. The angry Nawab invaded in May 1756. On June 20, 1756 AD, the Nawab also became the ruler of Kasim Bazar.

After that Sirajuddaula also took control of Fort William. Before being authorized, English governor Drake escaped with his wife and children and took refuge in an island named Fulta. The surviving British army had to surrender in Calcutta. Nawab returned to his capital Murshidabad after capturing many British prisoners and giving the responsibility of Manikchand to Calcutta.


In the same situation, the "black hole tragedy" decreased, which made the relations of the Nawab of Bengal and Bengal even more bitter. It is said that 146 Britishers, including their women and children, were locked in a cell in Fort William, in which many people died due to suffocation.

When news of this incident reached Madras, the British got very angry and they decided to take revenge from Sirajuddaula. Soon, Lord Clive and Watson landed from Madras to Calcutta and took the bribe of Nawab's officers into their favor. As a result, Manikchand handed over to Calcutta English without any resistance. Later the British took control over the Hooghly. In such a situation, the Nawab had to compromise with the British.
Treaty of alinagar
On February 9, 1757, Clive had a treaty with the Nawab (Alinagar Pact), according to which all Mughal emperor had to return all the facilities given to the British. Nawab was forced to return the entire seized factories and property to the British. The company also got the amount of compensation from the Nawab. The Nawab was feeling very humiliated inside.

War of Plassey

The British were not satisfied with this treaty. They wanted to remove Sirajuddaula from the throne and want to build a loyal Nawab who did what he said and did not interfere in his work. Clive started plotting against Nawab. He made a secret treaty with Mir Jafar and gave him the desire to make a Nawab.

In return, Mirjafar assured the British to give fortnight to fortify Kasim Bazar, Dhaka and Calcutta, to give Rs. 1 crore and bear the army's expenditure. In this conspiracy Jagat Seth, Rai Rare and Amichand also joined the British.

Now Clive accused Nawab of breaking the Treaty of Alinagar. At this time the situation of the Nawab was extremely pathetic. The situation of the threat from the invasion of the court and the invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali gave him even more intimidation.

He tried to make Mirzafar aside but failed. After dismissing the Nawab's weakness, Clive left with the army. Nawab also left the capital and proceeded further. On June 23, 1757, the battle between the two armies of Plassey took place. This war was a nominal war.

 A large part of the Nawab's army did not participate in the war. Despite the internal weakness, Siraj-ud-Dawla's army, led by Miramdan and Mohanlal, fought hard against the British army. But Sirajuddaula had to lose due to Mirjafar's betrayal. He ran away, but Mirzafar's son, Miran, caught him and killed him.

RESULT OF BATTLE OF PLASSEY