Role and Reason

Miracasim (Mir Qasim) was defeated in the Plassey war of 1757, and the English settled Mirzafar at its place. With the help of Mirzafar, the British started getting the money and the facilities as they would. Mirkasim wanted to take over the reins of Bengal again. It prepared the Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awad, who was also the Prime Minister of Mughal ruler Shahla, to take action against the British.

For this, Shujauddaula sent a threatening letter to the British on behalf of Shah Alam. In this letter, it was alleged that the British were encroaching the facilities given to them and that Bengal was exploiting the economy. The British did not react to this case. Eventually, Shujauddaula and Mirakasim lost patience and declared war on the British in April 1764.

Mirakasim, Shujauddaula and Shah Alam

Mirakasim reached Nawab of Awadh, Shujauddaula and Emperor Shah Alam to reach Patna for a right over Bengal. The head of the British army got panicked after receiving information about the arrival of the captured army. The number of Shujauddaula soldiers was 1,50,000 in which 40,000 were eligible to fight. The remaining number was only a crowd. Emperor Shah Alam and Mirakasim did not have any army. The army chief gave the message to the British army to return to Patna instead of Buxar.

As a result, the siege of Patna was done. But Shujauddaula's army also had many believers. For example, Maharaja Kalyan Singh, son of Seetaburai, was in a high position in the army of Awadh. Seetaburai was a friend of the British and his Munshi sent a message to the British about the activities of Sadhoram Shujaudullah The siege of crossing did not work. There was rainy season. Therefore instead of Patna, Shujauddaula decided to spend the rain in Buxar.

Meanwhile, in exchange for the head of the English army, Major Hector Munro was appointed by the British as the army chief and sent to Patna. Munro reached Patna in July, 1764 AD. He feared that Sujauddaula could defeat the British by getting the support of Marathas and Afghans when late. That's why Munro decided to war soon. After the arrival of Munro, some Indian soldiers revolted, Munro quieted and blown all the rebels with a cannon. Munro joined the betrayal of Rohtas fortress Sahumal in his favor and Rohtas got the right of the British.

Battle of Buxar

Munro crossed the river and reached Buxar. The war started between the Anglo-League and the combined forces of the so-called three powers, on October 23, 1764. Shujauddaula demanded 11 lakh rupees from Mirakasim in the name of military expenditure every day, but he did not complete the amount, but he became dissatisfied with Mirakasim. Shujauddaula took away all the property of Mirakasim. He himself wanted power over Bihar. On the other hand, Emperor Shah Alam did not have any army. He himself was interested in seeking help to get the throne of Delhi and had become depressed towards war after getting assurances of the British.

In this situation, Battle of Buxar started from 9am and ended before 12 noon. There was fierce firing in the war. Shujauddaula's army was just like the crowd. Horse cavalry in front of English guns could not work. Victory came from the British. There was considerable military casualties from both sides but the number of people killed in the Nawab's army was quite high. Shujauddaula had to withdraw his army.

Shujauddaula and Treaty of British

Emperor Shah Alam camped with the English army after his defeat in the Battle of Buxar. The British welcomed the King and wanted to negotiate with Shujauddaula through Shujauddaula's Diwan King Benibahadur. But Shujauddaula rejected the treaty. Therefore, there were battles near Nawab Shujauddaula and the British between Chunar and Kadah (Allahabad). On defeat in the war Shujauddaula had to make a treaty with the British.

Raja Seetaburai's role in the treaty between the British and Shujauddaula was very important. Shujauddaula had to pay 60 lakh rupees to the British as compensation. The area of Allahabad's fort and the Kadah was left to Mughal Emperor Shah Alam. Gazipur and neighboring areas had to be given to the British. An English lawyer was ordered to stay in the court of Oudh, and the two sides assured assurances of each other's enemies as their enemy.

Mirakasim's dream shattered Apart from being stripped of the property, Shujauddaula also humiliated him. Mirakasam went to Delhi, where the rest of his life was spent in the form of a refugee.

RESULTS

• In the decisive battles of India, Buxar's war result is considered to be more important. Battle of Buxar was a symbol of the third revolution in Bengal. The first revolution began with the Battle of Plassey and in 1760 AD, Mirjafar was removed, with Mirakasim making the Nawab, the second revolution was completed. The screening of the third and final scene of the drama that was being played by the British in Bengal was in the form of Battle of Buxar.
• British became the real authority of Bengal and their influence on North India's politics increased.
• With the defeat of Nawab Shujauddaula of Awadh in Buxar's war, there was no other power in North India which could oppose the British.
• Shujauddaula made friends with the British and the Emperor of Delhi Shahahalam, like the Nawab of Bengal,

Biography of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

• He was born on February 18, 1486.
• His father's name was Jagannath Mishra and mother's name was Shachi Devi.
• Chaitanya Prabhu awakened a new consciousness in Bengal and Orissa with his reformist movement.
• From the beginning of life, he introduced the literary talent of high-quality.
• At the age of twenty-four years, he renounced the world and become a saint.
• He spent the rest of his life spreading the message of devotion and love.
• He considered Krishna to be his ancestral god.

 Chaitanya Prabhu

• Like the early Sufis, he used the music circles for pairing and kirtan for spiritual perception, in which (in kirtan) taking the name of the world does not care about the external world.
• He remained Vrindavan for a long time but most of his time spent almost all the tours of India and in the promotion of devotion.
• Their effect was extensive. In his kirtan, both Hindus and Muslims used to go.
• They were also from low caste people.
• Chaitanya did not oppose Vedic religious texts and idol worship but they can not be called traditionalists because Chaitanya Mahaprabhu did not consider caste system and caste system.
• They were not communal, in their thoughts saguna bhakti's voice was prominent.

The Teachings OF  Chaitanya Prabhu

The summary of the teachings of Chaitanya is that in the excuse, "If anybody worships Krishna and serves the guru, then he becomes free from Maya's trap and becomes integrated with God". Mahaprabhu condemned Brahminism and rituals. Their main objective was to remove the social inequality and elevate the backward class. They wanted to create a harmonious atmosphere among Hindus and Muslims. He was a humanist and he was very sad at the plight of the dalit class.

Reason For The Rise of Marathas

Natural reason

The natural conditions of Maharashtra have a profound and good impact on the character of Marathas. In the hill states of Maharashtra, the lack of years and barren land created qualities of courage and self-confidence in the Marathas and they escaped from the flaws of laziness and subject matter. He became very hard working as a resident of the hill state. They could successfully use the guerrilla system successfully in their territory. The trees of the mountains provided natural and strong fortresses to them. Natural conditions helped them with great help in winning the war against their enemies.

Religious Awakening In Maharashtra

Even before the arrival of the Mughals, many great reformers in Maharashtra condemned caste discrimination and tied the Marathas in the form of unity. Maratha religious reformers such as Eknath, Tukaram, Ramdas and Vaman Pandit, respectively, for many years propagated the importance and devotion of god devotion, human equality, work and hard work for many years. They sowed seeds of self-confidence and unity in the Maratha caste. Shivaji's Guru Ramdas was a great religious preacher. He did this work through his creation "Das Bhad" and impressed the Marathas very much.

Training in Martial Arts And Administration

Malik Ambar, the famous commander of Ahmad Nagar, recruited the Marathas in large numbers in their army. In Ahmadnagar, the Marathas received training in administration and army by staying in military and administrative positions. Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhosale established his influence on some areas of Ahmednagar. Taking advantage of Karnataka's unrest, he tried to establish a semi-autonomous state. In the last years of Nizam Shahi rule, he became ruler ruler. But due to the jealousy of the other courtiers, he had to work in Bijapur. Likewise, many Marathas have also served in the states of Bijapur and Golkonda and trained in administration and governance.

Contribution of Literature and Language

While the tales of Tukaram were unanimously given to the Marathas, Eknath taught them love with their mother tongue. One language of the Marathas, one religion and common life contributed to unity and cooperation in it, helping them in the rise of marathas.

Shivaji's Personality

According to some historians, the reason for the rise of Marathas was a qualified diplomat, skilled soldier and great leader like Shivaji. Shivaji's bright character and great personality were created due to his mother Jijabai. Due to his teachings and counsel, Shivaji could organize marathas.

Shia states of the south fight with the Mughals

Marathas developed their power easily by a long-term battle between the Shia Sultans of South and the Mughal emperors. Shia Sultan and Mughal of Deccan wanted to get support from the Marathas. The Marathas took advantage of the split of both of them from time to time to strengthen their power.

Influence of Grandfather Kondadeva

Dadoji Konddeo was the mentor of Shivaji's patron and military scholarship. He taught the art of fighting the battle of Hivaji and other Marathas, horse riding, fencing and skilled military arrangements

Impact of Spiritual Guru Ramdas

Guru Ramdas has filled the love for the Hindu religion in the heart of Shivaji. He inspired him to protect the cow, Brahmin and Dharma, all three. He instructed Shivaji to gather the Marathas and make them feel united.

Contributions of Panchayat Institutions

Like other parts of the country in Maharashtra, the local institutions of governance ie Panchayats have been working fully. These institutions awakened the spirit of power and independence in the Marathas.

Emaciation of the Mughals

Aurangzeb remained in the South from 1682 to 1707 AD. In these years, even if the Mughal forces were successful, they never got a decisive victory. This gave an opportunity to the successors of Shivaji and subsequent Maratha warlords to increase their influence power.

CHAUSA WAR

Humayun's strongest enemy was Lion Khan. After the victory in Bengal, Humayun was restless and rested. Seeing the rest of Humayun in Bengal, Sher Khan took control over Chunar, Banaras, Jaunpur, Kannauj, Patna, etc. respectively. These incidents have disturbed Humayun. Humayun's army was weak from the outbreak of malaria, so Humayun left a small troop of the army and traveled to Agra.

Seeing the return of Humayun, Sher Khan, aka Sher Shah, decided to encompass Humayun on the way. Humayun made many mistakes in the return. At first, he divided his army into two parts. A section of the army was sent to attack Munger (Bihar) under Dilawar Khan. Humayun himself proceeded with the second army of the army. Humayun's military advisers had advised that he reached Jaunpur, running from the northern edge of the Ganges and crossing the Ganges and attacking Sher Shah / Sher Khan, but he did not listen to those people.

He crossed the Gangetic and walked from the southern route to the Grand Trunk Road. This route was under the control of the Lion Khan. On the banks of the Karmanasa River, Uttar Pradesh, a place called Chausa was found to be of Sher Shah. So he did not cross the Sher Shah to attack, but he was also negligent here. He immediately started to attack Lion Khan, but here too he was careless. He did not immediately attack Sher Shah. He was wasting time on the banks of River Ganga for three months.

 Lion Khan, in the meanwhile, kept her engaged in peace and kept her in peace and kept preparing herself. Actually, he was waiting for rain.

Sher Shah's Diplomacy

As the rain started, Sher Khan planned to invade. Humayun's camp was in a low place between the Ganges and the river Karmanasa. So rainwater was filled with it The artillery of the Mughals had failed and the disorder was in the army. Taking advantage of this, on the night of 25 June 1539, Sher Shah invaded the Mughal Cantonment with a sudden deception.

There was a stir in the Mughal camp The soldiers jumped into the Ganges River to save their lives. Some of them were immersed and killed by some Afghan forces. Humayun himself also escaped the Ganges and escaped his life. His family remained in the camp Humayun could reach Agra with the help of some believers Mughals. The whole army of Humayun was destroyed.

War Result

• After the Chausa War, Humayun's fall was fixed. Her army had been destroyed. Some members of his family were also killed in this war.
• Afghans' power and ambitions have increased again. Now they started planning to take over the Mughals and take control of Agra.
• The Sher Khan now holds the title of Sher Shah.
• Sher Shah taught "Khutba" of his name. Coins and issued orders.
• He took control of Bengal by sending Jalal Khan and reached Banas, Jaunpur and Lucknow, Kannauj.

Today in this post we will keep the story of Panipat's first, second and third battle in front of you. What were the reasons for these wars, what was the war between them and what outcome of these wars, will discuss all these facts? These three wars are very important in Indian history. Introducing a brief description of the three Panipat wars in front of you. Present in front of you is a brief description of the three wars of Panipat in Detail.

FIRST PANIPAT WAR

Three part-wise battles were fought here in Panipat, who turned a section of Indian history. The first battle of Panipat - Panipat War 1 took place on April 21, 1526, between Sultan Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi and Mughal invader Babar. Abraham had an army of up to one million people. On the other hand, Babar had only 12,000 troops and a large number of artillery guns. Due to the superiority of tactics, military operation, and especially the new and effective use of guns, Babar won a decisive victory over Abraham Lodi. Lodi gave up his life in the battlefield. As a result of the first battle of Panipat, Babur intervened on Delhi and Agra and it was the operation of the Mughal dynasty in India.

SECOND PANIPAT WAR

The second battle of Panipat - Panipat War 2 (5 November 1556 AD) was between the qualified Hindu commander and minister Hemu and Akbar of the Afghan king Adilshah Sur who had found Delhi's plank from his father Humayun. There was a big army.

He also had 1500 elephants. Initially, Hemu was successful in fighting the Mughal army, but accidentally, an arrow penetrated into the eye of Hemu and this incident became the reason for the defeat of Hemu's victory in the war. Having an arrow, Hemu fell unconscious and his army was standing. Hemu was arrested and taken to Kishor Akbar.

 Akbar separated his head from the fuselage. Due to the second battle of Panipat, Delhi and Agra came under Akbar's possession. As a result of this battle, the conflict between the Mughals and the Afghans for the Delhi plank was finally finalized in favor of the Mughals and for the next three hundred years, the plank of Delhi remained with the Mughals.

THIRD PANIPAT WAR

Panipat War III - Panipat War 3 decided the fate of India, which was hanging in the balance at that time. The third battle of Panipat occurred in 1761 AD. Ahmad Abdali, a resident of Afghanistan, was made a new king. After establishing power in Afghanistan, he invaded India several times and due to the lack of Delhi court and the mutual ridicule of the rich, Ahmed Abdali did not face any kind of obstruction.


 After the defeat of the Subedar of Punjab, the fearful Delhi-Emperor handed Punjab to Afghanistan. Abdali returned to his country after appointing his own subedar on the living land. In his absence, the Marathas attacked Punjab, ousted Abdali's subedar and got the rights to Lahore. Upon hearing this news, Abdali got angry and took out a large army and left for Afghanistan to defeat the Marathas. The Marathas also collected a large army, which was presided over by Sadashiv Rao and son of Assistant President Peshwa.

Both the mighty left from Poona with many Maratha generals and infantry, horses, and elephants. Holkar, Scindia, Gaekwad and other Maratha warlords also helped him. Rajputs also sent help and Jat-Sardar Surajmal of Bharatpur (Rajasthan) along with 30,000 soldiers came to him. Due to lack of opinion of the warlords in the Marathas, the army of Abdali could not be attacked immediately. In the first attack, the Marathas got the victory but Vishwasrao was killed. Sadashivrao was killed in the fierce battle that followed. The courage of the Marathas was dissolved.

The defeat of Panipat and the death of Peshwa sank in the darkness of Maharashtra, and the dominance of the Marathas was lifted from northern India.

The Battle of Plassey was the result of the struggle of Nawab Sirajuddaula of Bengal and East India Company. This war has very important and lasting results. Battle of Plassey, which took place in 1757 AD, was a war that established the British power in India.


The then Bengal state and the English selfishness gave East India Company an opportunity to interfere in Bengal politics. Alivardi Khan, who was formerly the Nieb-Nizam of Bihar, took advantage of political upheaval after Aurangzeb's death. He increased his power so much. He was an ambitious person. He defeated the then Nawab of Bengal, Sarfaraz Khan in the war, and himself became Nawab.

Alivardi Khan died on 9th April. Alivardi Khan did not have any children, so after the death of her, who will be the next Nawab, for this some people have started conspiracy for succession. But in his lifetime, Alivardi nominated Sirajuddaula, son of his youngest daughter, as his successor. That's exactly what happened. Sirajuddaula is the Nawab of Bengal.

Sirajuddaula

Although Sirajuddaula became the Nawab, he had to face many opponents. Her biggest opponent and opponent was from her family and she was her aunt. His aunt's name was Ghasiti Begum. Daughter of Begum Begum's son Shaukatganj, who was the ruler of Purnea (Bihar), dreamed to defeat Sirajuddaula with his Diwan Amin Chand and Mitra Jagat Seth. But Sirajuddaula had already been cautious.

He first captured Ghasit Begum and seized all his money. Shaukatganj became frightened by this and promised them to be loyal to Sirajuddaula. But Sirajuddaula later defeated him in the war and killed him.

Here the East India Company had strengthened its position. The British were enthusiastic to beat the French in the south. But they also wanted to dominate their rule in Bengal. Alivardi Khan had already advised Siraj-ud-daulah that in any case the British should not interfere in Bengal. That's why Sirajuddaula was also embarrassed about the British.

Conflicts between Sirajuddaula and the British

Sirajuddaula ordered the British to destroy Fort William Fort, which the British rejected. The angry Nawab invaded in May 1756. On June 20, 1756 AD, the Nawab also became the ruler of Kasim Bazar.

After that Sirajuddaula also took control of Fort William. Before being authorized, English governor Drake escaped with his wife and children and took refuge in an island named Fulta. The surviving British army had to surrender in Calcutta. Nawab returned to his capital Murshidabad after capturing many British prisoners and giving the responsibility of Manikchand to Calcutta.


In the same situation, the "black hole tragedy" decreased, which made the relations of the Nawab of Bengal and Bengal even more bitter. It is said that 146 Britishers, including their women and children, were locked in a cell in Fort William, in which many people died due to suffocation.

When news of this incident reached Madras, the British got very angry and they decided to take revenge from Sirajuddaula. Soon, Lord Clive and Watson landed from Madras to Calcutta and took the bribe of Nawab's officers into their favor. As a result, Manikchand handed over to Calcutta English without any resistance. Later the British took control over the Hooghly. In such a situation, the Nawab had to compromise with the British.
Treaty of alinagar
On February 9, 1757, Clive had a treaty with the Nawab (Alinagar Pact), according to which all Mughal emperor had to return all the facilities given to the British. Nawab was forced to return the entire seized factories and property to the British. The company also got the amount of compensation from the Nawab. The Nawab was feeling very humiliated inside.

War of Plassey

The British were not satisfied with this treaty. They wanted to remove Sirajuddaula from the throne and want to build a loyal Nawab who did what he said and did not interfere in his work. Clive started plotting against Nawab. He made a secret treaty with Mir Jafar and gave him the desire to make a Nawab.

In return, Mirjafar assured the British to give fortnight to fortify Kasim Bazar, Dhaka and Calcutta, to give Rs. 1 crore and bear the army's expenditure. In this conspiracy Jagat Seth, Rai Rare and Amichand also joined the British.

Now Clive accused Nawab of breaking the Treaty of Alinagar. At this time the situation of the Nawab was extremely pathetic. The situation of the threat from the invasion of the court and the invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali gave him even more intimidation.

He tried to make Mirzafar aside but failed. After dismissing the Nawab's weakness, Clive left with the army. Nawab also left the capital and proceeded further. On June 23, 1757, the battle between the two armies of Plassey took place. This war was a nominal war.

 A large part of the Nawab's army did not participate in the war. Despite the internal weakness, Siraj-ud-Dawla's army, led by Miramdan and Mohanlal, fought hard against the British army. But Sirajuddaula had to lose due to Mirjafar's betrayal. He ran away, but Mirzafar's son, Miran, caught him and killed him.

RESULT OF BATTLE OF PLASSEY

People of Sikhism are followers of Guru Nanak Dev. Guru Nanak Dev's period is a 1469-1539 AD. People of Sikhism mainly live in Punjab. They believe in the fundamental truth contained in all religions, and their view is devoid of religious or communal partiality and is liberal. After the death of Guru Nanak in 1538 AD, the head of the Sikhs began to be called Guru. History of Sikhism is a history of sacrifices. Today we will keep the glorious history of ten gurus and Sikh religion in front of you in this article. The list of gurus in the history of Sikhism is something like this -


Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539)
Angad (1539-1552)
Amardas (1552-1574)
Ramdas (1574-1581)
Arjun (1581-1606)
Hargovind (1606-1645)
Hararai (1645-1661)
Harkishan (1661-1664)
Teg Bahadur (1664-1675)
Guru Gobind Singh (1675-1708)

Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak was the originator of Sikh religion. They were born in the Khatri family in Talwandi or modern Nankana Sahib near Lahore in 1469 AD. They were religious preachers of the Sadhu nature. He engaged his entire life in promoting the good things of Hinduism and Islam, which is welfare for all human society. Gurunanak taught to abstain from excessive penance and excessive worldly pleasures, egotism and tremolo, selfishness and untruth. He preached his religion to all, in fact both Hindus and Muslims became his followers. His self-taught holy post and teachings (sons) are compiled in the scriptures of the Sikhs, "Granth Sahib". Nanak Dev died in 1539.

Guru Angad

Guru Angad was the second Guru of the Sikhs. He was nominated for this post by Guru Nanak Dev. Nanak considered him the most in his disciples and left Angad as his heir to his two sons. Guru Angad was the leader of the highest quality of character and the high command of the Sikhs, who led the followers for 14 years.

Guru Amardas

Guru Amarardas (Guru Amardas) was the third guru of the Sikhs. They were characteristic and virtuous. They publicized Sikh religion in a broader way.

Guru Ramdas

The fourth Guru Ramdas was a very sad nature person. He donated a reservoir with a reservoir in Amritsar, on which later the golden temple was built.

Guru Arjun

Guru Arjun is an important place in the history of Sikhism (Sikh Dharma History). The fifth Guru Arjuna (Guru Arjuna) compiled a religious book called "Adi Granth" of the Sikhs, in which the voice of the four Gurus and others of Hindu and Muslim saints compiled in their compilation is compiled. They used to practice religious funding from each Sikh to make the religious position of the Khalsa creed firm. On the order of Jahangir, Guru Arjuna was slaughtered for his reason that Guru Arjan had given asylum to Jahangir's rebel son, Shahzada Khusro.

Guru Hargovind

Guru Arjun's son, Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji, formed a military organization of Sikhs. They collected a small army of soldiers. Guru Arjan defeated the royal army in a war by revolting against Shah Jahan. But later he had to take refuge in the mountainous region of Kashmir.

Guru Hararai and Guru Kishan
No significant incident occurred during the era of Guru Har Rai and Guru Kishan. He made the Khalsa creed more powerful by following the policy of the Sena-organization of the customary traditions introduced by Guru Arjun and his son Har Govind.

Teg Bahadur

The nine guru, Guru Teg Bahadur, faced the evil nature of Aurangzeb. He made Guru Tegh Bahadur a prisoner and proposed to him that either accept Islam or be ready to die. Later, his head was bruised by the wicked Aurangzeb. His martyrdom had serious impact on the entire Sikh community, his son and the next Guru Govind Singh.

Guru Gobind Singh

Gurū Gobind Singh, well-thought-out, shaped the peaceful Sikh community as a military organization that could withstand the encroachment and atrocities of the Muslims firmly. At the same time, they filled the feeling of discipline in the Sikhs that they became a fighting force. He named his sect Khalsa (holy). With the idea of binding the entire Sikh community in unity, the Sikhs, Kesh, Kadha, Saber and Kangha - ordered five items to be held in the required form. He inaugurated the practice of Gahul, according to which all the Sikh groups used to accept offerings in the same bowl for the purpose of breaking the bondage.

Guru Gobind Singh made several wars with the local Mughal rulers, in which his two children were killed. But they did not get discouraged. Keeping the organization of Sikhs till his death. In 1708 AD an Afghan killed him.

Further compositions of Guru Gobind Singh compiled also, and this compilation became an addendum to "Guru Granth Sahib". The entire Sikh community respected him so much that after his death the master post was abolished. However, only after his death, Banda Veer took over the leadership of the Sikhs. From 1708 AD to 1716 AD, under the leadership of Veer Vanda, the Sikhs continued to take the iron from the Mughals, but in 1716 AD, Banda Veer was taken captive and crushed with elephants by the command of Badshah Farrukhshiyar (1713-1719). Was killed